Principal Teachings About Peace In Christianity Essays

Head Teachings About Peace In Christianity Essays Head Teachings About Peace In Christianity Essay Head Teachings About Peace In Christianity Essay Head lessons about harmony in Christianity Heart of Jesus service The educating of the New Testament certifies the centrality of harmony to the Christian message. It was at the core of the life and service of Jesus and as needs be is looked for after and taken up by the networks that try to follow Jesus. Harmony is comprehended as more than simply a nonappearance of viciousness and strife. It alludes all the more completely to a general feeling of prosperity. At last harmony is found in association with God. Christians are educated to live content with others, both inside their own networks and in the more extensive human family. Christian pacifism Throughout the initial three centuries Of the BC Christians received a conservative position and would not participate in military assistance or fighting. This was a place that added to them being marginals in the more extensive network and abused by the Roman specialists. However regardless of the difficulties, Christians overall wouldn't participate in fighting, accepting that to do so would be in opposition to their confidence. The transformation of the Emperor Constantine in the fourth century acquainted Christians with another circumstance where they were presently part of the foundation and the domain was their partner ether than a danger to their reality. This new circumstance prompted a reexamining of the situation of the Christian Church comparable to its association in fighting. Philosophical difficulties This new circumstance made various philosophical difficulties to the conservative position held by the Christians. They presently needed to consider how they could keep up and ensure the opportunity of individuals in the general public, in dad reticular their strict opportunity. They likewise needed to think about how to shield their property from robbery or devastation. Another issue identified with the insurance of blameless individuals in the light of demonstrations of hostility by others. These and other comparative concerns constrained the Christian Church to bargain its firm stance position against military association and the utilization of fighting. The Just War Theory The difficulties of this new circumstance after some time prompted the improvement of a simply war hypothesis. This hypothesis began from Augustine, Bishop of Hippo in the fourth century and was altered and refined by different individuals throughout the hundreds of years remembering Thomas Aquinas for the medieval times and Francisco De Aviator in the sixteenth century. Ethically adequate reason The Just War hypothesis looked to set up rules under which it was ethically worthy to take part in fighting. The Just War hypothesis is the wellspring of continuous discussion and in spite of the fact that it has impressive remaining among Christian sections it is, in any case, risky in principle just as by and by. The Just War hypothesis keeps up that countries are ethically legitimized in taking up arms giving that the conditions of the contention and the pursuing of the war meet the accompanying seven standards. 1. War must be planned for repulsing or preventing animosity and shielding human rights. 2. It must be approved by a genuine power. 3. The expressed destinations for doing battle must be the genuine ones. 4. War must e a final retreat; every serene option must be depleted. 5. The likelihood of progress must be adequately clear to legitimize the human and different expenses. 6. The harm perpetrated by war must be proportionate to its targets. 7. Noncombatants must not be focused on. Utilization of Just War Theory Some would contend that there has never been a war which meets every one of the seven necessities of the Just War hypothesis and to be sure the idea of fighting itself is naturally opposing to a large number of the components of the Just War hypothesis. The trouble practically speaking is the way to decide the authenticity of a case of a Just War. In the 2003 Gulf War, US President George W Bush utilized the case Of a Just War to invalidate restriction to his arrangement to attack Iraq. Different strict specialists had openly expressed their resistance, saying that the arranged intrusion was not ethically advocated. For this situation, the two gatherings were speaking to a similar seven standards of the Just War hypothesis to help their cases and were coming to furthest edge results. A short investigation of every one of these standards promptly features a portion of the troubles. Protecting human rights 1 War must be planned for repulsing or stopping hostility and shielding unman rights. The sort of confusion and turmoil that outcomes from military clash makes it difficult to screen or shield human rights. The very demonstration of devastation which is vital to battle definitely demolishes a significant part of the foundation required to continue fundamental rights, for example, food, water, cover and so forth. Ordinarily there is a delayed time of confusion before fundamental foundation can be reestablished. In this time human rights infringement are unavoidable. Command to choose 1. It must be approved by a real power. Indeed, even on account of a justly chosen government announcing war, there s still a part of discussion. The instance of Australias contribution in the 2003 Gulf War saw the Prime Minister submit Australian soldiers to battle without reference to the Parliament. Moreover, some would propose that a legislature doesn't reserve the option to participate in fighting except if it was explicitly chosen with that command. A further part of the Gulf War is the way that Australian soldiers were resolved to war when the United Nations stayed contradicted to the war and was asking the American drove alliance to cease from strife until further endeavors at serene goals of contrasts ere sought after. The inquiry here is who precisely is the authentic power? Numerous reasons for struggle 1 . The expressed destinations for doing battle must be the genuine ones. There is only here and there a solitary clear explanation behind participating in fighting. Every now and again the foremost impetus for the start of the war is the last component in a progression of complaints that may go back for ages or even hundreds of years. In this way the expressed reasons or destinations are frequently just a piece of the genuine or genuine reasons. On account of the 2003 Gulf war, the pronounced reason to participate in fighting was the presence of weapons of mass demolition. In the years following the affirmation of war there has no approval of this case. Different speculations have been proposed concerning the genuine purposes behind the war, be that as it may, this occasion of contention features the troubles in meeting this necessity. Vital favorable position 1 . War must be a final retreat; every single tranquil option must be depleted. From a philosophical perspective it tends to be contended that there are in every case further serene choices to be investigated and appropriately war, if all else fails, ought to never be taken up. By and by the gatherings deciding to take part in airfare are increasingly worried about increasing a vital favorable position and are in this way not slanted to delay. Further, they would contend that their motivation is critical and can't hold up until serene options are depleted. On account of the 2003 Gulf War, the LOS drove alliance were resolved to continue despite the fact that the United Nations weapons controllers were requesting more opportunity to finish their work as a tranquil other option. The US specialists guaranteed that the hazard presented by Iraqs weapons of mass pulverization made the need to attack a dire one. Others have recommended that the attack occurred in the Northern spring as this planning stayed away from the brutal climatic conditions that would have won on the off chance that they had deferred. Drawn out clash 1 . The likelihood of progress must be adequately clear to legitimize the human and different expenses. It is incredibly hard to pass judgment on the chance Of accomplishment in any military commitment. In any event, when the one of the warriors has far unrivaled military abilities it doesn't ensure achievement and positively doesnt guarantee that the activity will be snappy, productive and contained. Truly, clashes are frequently delayed and destroying as far as the human expense. Wars, for example, the Vietnam War, the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the ongoing Gulf Wars feature the challenges. In every one of these cases a military super force has been not able to rapidly and productively accomplish its objectives. Over the span of these delayed clashes, the nearby networks have languished extraordinary expense over an all-inclusive timeframe. Pulverizing military force 1 . The harm caused by war must be proportionate to its destinations. As time has passed by the limit of military weapons has expanded sensationally and the degree of harm caused has in like manner arrived at unprecedented extents. Because of limit Of such weapons to exact harm it is presently obviously difficult to take part in fighting where the harm is constrained to something proportionate to the destinations. The damaging abilities of current weapons have prompted exceptional degrees of obliteration in combat areas. In like manner it is far-fetched that cutting edge fighting can ever profess to restrict the harm incurred to something which is proportionate to its destinations. Guiltless survivors of fighting 1. Noncombatants must not be focused on. Progressively in current occasions, the casualties of fighting are noncombatants as opposed to military faculty. The idea of fighting in ongoing decades has seen the utilization of ground-breaking weapons propelled from significant separations to assault targets. This has implied that those effectively captivating in strife are some good ways from the objective zone or combat area. In this way, despite the fact that there may not be an intentional system to target noncombatants, unavoidably numerous guiltless individuals will endure the results of the activity. The utilization of the Just War hypothesis stays tricky. In late decades strict specialists have been vi

Domestic Politics and Norm Diffusion †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Domestic Politics and Norm Diffusion. Answer: Presentation: The hypothesis of worldwide equity exists inside the system of more extensive school of cosmopolitanism (Acharya 2014). In such manner, it is vital to specify here that, since days of yore, the school of cosmopolitan laid accentuation on the significance of people instead of state and networks. As indicated by the viewpoint of Cosmopolitans individual has equivalent good rights and consequently secures equivalent good examination (Acuto and Curtis 2014). In this specific circumstance, if difference emerges between cosmopolitans in regards to the way that how people fit inside the topic of equivalent good concern. The paper means to feature the perspectives on the cosmopolitans to the presence of people as opposed to states. In this article the factious cases of various writers will be stressed. In such manner right off the bat the contentions of Liberal Rawlsians will be introduced whose center was constrained state-driven methodologies. The contentions of Thomas Pogge will be introd uced in the second area which would draw in much consideration as it concentrated on human-driven methodologies as opposed to states. Thirdly the methodologies of good cosmopolitan will be applied to the referenced contentions. Fourthly, the hypothesis of Global Justice will be accentuated. In the fifth area the perspectives on contemporary creators against the cosmopolitans will be accentuated. At long last, it will be talked about that why the essential structure of universal relations ought to be represented by the standards of cosmopolitans. The methodologies have been distinguished as Kantianism and Utilitarianism which are good cosmopolitan methodologies. Because of such spotlight on the virtue of people other than that of states the cosmopolitan researchers could fundamentally assess the speculations of equity which from the earliest starting point concentrated on the presence of states. The researchers of contemporary worldwide equity underscored on the ethical worth of people by barring the issues of worldwide dwelling together. As indicated by the assessment of Pogge, an equitable and stable institutional plan which is included by the idea of Justice by safeguarding the allotment of fundamental rights and openings and products which is pronounced as reasonable inside the countries and globe (Adler-Nissen 2014). Liberal Rawlsians concurred with such viewpoint alongside different cosmopolitans by expressing that there must be equivalent incentive inside social orders. It very well may be referenced that Thomas Pogge laid accentuation on human-driven way to deal with equity while John Rawl stressed on state-driven way to deal with equity (Aradau and Huysmans 2014). In such manner, it merits referencing that generally the hypothesis of equity depended on political structures which were worried about states by deciding the intensity of the states to make laws and include in the government assistance of open approach. In this way, in the assessment of Pogge political structures ought to be built in such a manner by guaranteeing appropriate dispersion of rights and obligations between people of the states (Berger 2014). Be that as it may, the conventional hypothesis of equity managed the idea of distributive equity where income is shared similarly inside the states nonetheless, it isn't similarly circulated between people of the general public. Because of such imbalance in the dispersion of riches the people of states were abstained from carrying on with a not too bad life. In the point of view of T homas Pogge, such idea can win inside the structure of a majority rule society (Buzan and Lawson 2014). In this unique situation, it very well may be expressed that the customary hypothesis of equity was related with the nearness of states nonetheless, the presence of people were overlooked. Be that as it may, the customary hypothesis of equity was planned in a manner to manage the issues of the state. Different cosmopolitan researchers managed the issues emerging out of the customary hypothesis of equity by applying the methodologies of Utilitarianism and Kantianism (Chan et al. 2015). The utilitarian methodology can be applied to the customary hypothesis of equity as it can't be applied to the topic of good way of thinking. In such manner, it is important to specify here that the ethical rule of utilitarianism is to augment utility which is relevant to the activities of people and the idea of worldwide relations (Fabbrini 2016). Be that as it may, Kantianism approach depended on the establishment of two fundamental rights-procured and inborn. Perspectives on Thomas Pogge: Diverse cosmopolitan researchers contended that the inquiries with respect to the customary hypotheses of equity has made restrictions in a cutting edge time (Holzscheiter 2014). It is significant that with the approach of worldwide establishments which end up being effective in playing out the significant elements of the state which incorporates the ability to make laws and to force or gather charges. In such manner, Thomas Pogge was of the feeling that there existed disparities between people which are a worry of the countries as it comprised a significant worldwide issue. Along these lines, Thomas Pogge laid accentuation on the issue in regards to worldwide imbalances emerging between people of the states by applying the methodologies of Utilitarianism and Kantianism. Be that as it may, from the earliest starting point Thomas Pogge grounded his contentions in different manners by extending the extent of universal equity in this manner taking it to a worldwide level. Because of the se contentions, the term worldwide equity appeared and accordingly the hypotheses of global relations started. It very well may be noticed that the speculations of worldwide relations laid a lot of accentuation on the people instead of the states. Thomas Pogge likewise centered around the issues of worldwide neediness. Hence it was contended by Thomas Pogge that the projects of destitution lightening laid accentuation on the redistribution of assets and incomes between various areas of the general public the rich and poor people (Hurd 2014). With the assessment of compassionate mediation, Thomas Pogge introduced vide contention in regards to the issue identified with people over the goals state-driven hypotheses. He underscored people ought to be given the most noteworthy need over the goals of state-driven thoughts. The issues identified with worldwide wellbeing was contended by expressing that worldwide structures acts essentially in deciding the strength of people (Kelley and Simmons 2015). Since days of yore, researchers of Cosmopolitan worldwide equity have been concentrating on the issues in regards to sex imbalance, fighting, movement just as climatic change. The idea of worldwide equity is suitable to the field of Inte rnational Relations. Be that as it may, Cosmopolitan researchers have connected with themselves with the assessment and appraisal of essential issues caused because of worldwide mediation. As indicated by Pogge, that International Relation is a cutting edge hypothesis that will stay significant as long as there is a presence of worldwide issues. As indicated by the point of view of Thomas Pogge, the essential structure of global relations is worried about the investigation of people. The standards of universal relations are represented by the connection between people as opposed to states. From the earliest starting point the basic structure of global relations isn't administered by the standards of between state relations ((Risse 2016). In any case, as per the perspectives on cosmopolitan researchers, the ethical worry of the people will be considered for guaranteeing the way that people ought to be organized over states. It has been accentuated by cosmopolitan researchers that the topic of human rights involves a significant situation in the conversation identified with the significance of human pride. It has been seen that while the cosmopolitan researchers were worried about the issues of human poise, others were worried about the procedures of social changes inside the states. Approaches of Moral cosmopolitans: It is essential to specify here that, two distinct researchers in a similar field will not have the very same points of view. Consequently, the idea of worldwide equity has been censured by a few creators on different grounds. As per Miller, national outskirts involve noteworthy situation when contrasted with the standards of cosmopolitan worldwide equity (Kelley and Simmons 2015). As he would see it, so as to arrive at a resolution which includes a concurrence on the standards of worldwide equity it is basic to get information about the history and societies of worldwide standards. The standards of worldwide equity can be separated from the national outskirts in settling on powerful choice with respect to what is correct or wrong. As indicated by Nagel and Blake, so as to accomplish worldwide equity it is significant with respect to the states to start the foundation of ground-breaking worldwide organizations (Nikolayevich Chumakov 2014). There is no such presence of worldwide found ations that applied control over the states and people. Present day researchers additionally viewing the idea of cosmopolitanism as a western-driven hypothesis which don't have a worldwide appearance. As per them, the idea of worldwide equity is worried about the significance of people corresponding to human rights which from the earliest starting point has been viewed as western goals. Nonetheless, it merits referencing that such reactions couldn't influence the significance of the standards of worldwide equity just as the hypotheses of International Relations. Worldwide equity effectsly affects climatic changes which end up being viable in tending to the imbalances between the people other than states (Aradau and Huysmans 2014). It is obvious that atmosphere changes require the help of worldwide arrangement. In such manner, it very well may be seen that adjustment in atmosphere plans out of line dissemination of advantages and weights people getting good and equivalent qualities. As indicated by the perspectives on cosmopolitan researchers, change in atmosphere is probably going to

KF Releases Essay Questions

Blog Archive UNC/KF Releases Essay Questions The University of North Carolina Kenan Flagler has released its essay questions for the 2010-11 application season.   More information can be found at http://www.kenan-flagler.unc.edu/Programs/MBA/Apply/essays.cfm Essay One (Required) What are the 2 or 3 strengths or characteristics that have driven your career success thus far? What are the other strengths that you would like to leverage in the future? (500 words maximum) Essay Two (Required) Please describe your short and long term goals post-MBA. Explain how: your professional experience has shaped these goals; why this career option appeals to you; and how you arrived at the decision that now is the time and the MBA is the appropriate degree. (500 words maximum) Essay Three (Required) What personal qualities or life experiences distinguish you from other applicants? How do these qualities or experiences equip you to contribute to UNC Kenan-Flagler? (500 words maximum) Essay Four (Optional) If your standardized test scores are low, or if you have not had coursework in core business subjects (calculus, microeconomics, statistics, financial accounting), please tell us how you plan to prepare yourself for the quantitative rigor of the MBA curriculum. (300 words maximum) Essay Five (Optional) Is there any other information you would like to share that is not presented elsewhere in the application? (300 words maximum) Share ThisTweet News

The Colors of Sulfur

When you get right down to it, most the chemical elements have a ho-hum appearance. Silver. Gray. Silvery-White. Blue-Gray. Metals. Boring. Sulfur is different. The solid is bright yellow. If you melt sulfur, you get a blood-red liquid. If you set it on fire, you get a blue flame. About Sulfur Sulfur is a common element. Its necessary for life, yet some of its compounds are toxic. For example. though you can metabolize a small amount of hydrogen sulfide, it doesnt take much to induce respiratory paralysis, which can lead to death. Though hydrogen sulfide has a distinctive rotten egg odor, the gas also deadens the sense of smell, so you cant gauge exposure using your nose.

The Effects Of Technology On Our Environment - 1492 Words

As humans, we are constantly looking for solutions to help solve the amounting environmental issues around us. However, it is hard to find a balance between depending on the natural resources that Earth provides for us, our food, water and shelter, and leading a sustainable life where these resources will not become depleted in the near future. The ecosystem we live in has changed drastically in the past hundreds of years, if not thousands, due to our want for a better lifestyle. Although it can be said that technology has brought nothing but convenience and efficiency to our lives, the drawbacks have huge impacts on our environment. I have been thinking about the recent conversation we had regarding the readings and discussions in our AHS course. I recall that you argued for the advantages of new technologies and its ability to solve all environmental problems, enable constant progress and ensure never-ending growth. I have given it more thought and although I acknowledge your opinions on this issue, I have to say that I do not agree with it. Reading Tom Wessels’ The Myth of Progress, there are many points he brings up that argue against your belief and in fact say that technologies are the cause of our environmental problems. Wessels mentioned that technology adopts a free ride concept where we can get something for nothing. It continually offers us â€Å"cheap energy, greater food production, greater longevity, faster travel, expanded communication networks† (Wessels 47).Show MoreRelatedThroughout The Course Of The Years, The World Has Been1306 Words   |  6 Pagesfossil fuels and pollution ar e having a negative impact on our planet. Luckily, engineers have developed new and innovative technology that can potentially help lessen pollution and other detrimental factors. 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The usual saying is, Necessity is the mother of invention. That makes sense: right now, for example, the world may be running out of oil, and as a result, the necessity ofRead MoreImplications For The Future Paper1627 Words   |  7 Pagesnegative example how technology advances have impacted our environment, and talk about the influence of the environmental policies. Two Strategies for Promoting Positive Environmental Behavior One strategy that would help to promote a positive environmental behavior would be Positive Cueing. Cues are elements in the environment that convey important information or trigger an affective reaction. Steg, Van Den Berg, DeGroot, (2013) stated, â€Å"By using positive cues from the environment such as bicyclingRead MoreEnvironmental Degradation And Its Effects On Our Environment1432 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact on our environment and our world as a whole. Not only has our societal presence caused negative global impact, but our expedited population growth has also had an extreme physical impact on earth. An example of the effects of our extensiveness is, â€Å"†¦86% of the world s resources are consumed by only the wealthiest one fifth of humanity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (globalissues.org). this means that 4/5ths of the planet already has limited access to resources that are naturally found on earth. In addition to our excessiveRead MoreEssay on IFSM 300 Case Study, 1866 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many people today trying to get back into shape and just have no motivation. We are hoping to make the fitness facility a place customers look forward to going every day, by using more technology in the equipment and improving our instructional classes. â€Å"Business has been revolutionized by technology and the club industry has followed.† (Rudd, 2009) When using the Porter’s Five Forces Model, one can conclude from the analysis that the threat of substitute products or services is high. InRead MoreDamage to the Environment Is an Inevitable Consequence of Worldwide Improvement in the Standard of Living937 Words   |  4 PagesDamage to the environment is an inevitable consequence of worldwide improvement in the standard of living Damage of the environment is an inevitable consequence of worldwide improvements in the standard of living. To what extent do you agree or disagree? From my point’s view, I’m truly agreed with this statement. The continual improvements of our living today have an impact on the environment, this consequence is seen throughout the world. In order to make our lives better the continue developmentRead MoreEssay on Technology and the Negative Effects on Society1601 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Since the industrial revolution, society has become more and more dependent on technology. So much so that we sometimes lack the willingness to think before we act. We become impatient if it takes more than a few seconds to download a copy of the morning news paper. We expect immediate responses to our email, and we expect someone to answer their cell phone whenever and wherever we call. â€Å"Industrialization resulted in rapid and sustained economic growth and a massive increaseRead MoreEssay on Transportations Impact on Our World933 Words   |  4 PagesImpact on Our World Methods of transportation have always occupied a certain niche in society. Beyond their obvious practical use, transports from horses to speed boats to sports cars embody the romance and intrigue of travel. However, beyond the obvious effect low fuel-efficiency standards have had on pollution in the United States and elsewhere, the environmental impacts of transportation are rarely taken into account. Advances in transportation have had two main effects on the environment. Technological

Should We Have Gone to War in Iraq Persausive Essay

Operation Iraqi Freedom How many people do you know that have fought in the United States most recent war? This war was called Operation Iraqi Freedom. Many people have family members that fought in this war, or maybe a neighbor. The Iraq war was started shortly after 9/11 when the United States felt that Iraq leader Saddam Hussein had weapons of Mass Destruction. (WMD’s) With the rumor that Iraq had WMD’s President Bush felt the US military had to go on the offense to assure the safety of the country. With that in mind I agree with going to war in Iraq. Also, Saddam Hussein was also rumored to be supporting and housing terrorists and members of Al-Qaeda in Iraq. Finally, Saddam Hussein committed many acts of violence against the Iraqi†¦show more content†¦While riding through the city of Dujail, an attempt on Hussein’s life was made by Shiite militants. Saddam Hussein decided that he need to wipe out the entire city of Dujail, which had 148 residents, including dozens upon do zens of children. These were the crimes that Saddam Hussein brought up on and eventually executed for. Hussein’s worst acts came in the years 1986-1989. In these years his administration called for an extermination of any living thing in the northern Kurdish region. In this time Hussein killed 182,000 Kurds using chemical weapons to kill many of them. As you can see the United States could no longer have this man ruling an entire country. Finally, rumored WMD’s were the biggest reason the United States decided to go to war. After many years of the UN searching for these weapons Iraq decided not to let inspectors into the country anymore. The Bush administration took these signals as Iraq and Hussein not wanting the UN to find the weapons of mass destruction. Before the invasion, and before inspectors were banned from Iraq, rocket warheads, 50 liters of mustard gas, and 50 missiles were decommissioned. These things gave Bush administration a strong feeling that Saddam H ussein was hiding WMD’s from the rest of the world. Although no WMD’s were found during the war, I still feel that going into Iraq was the right decision. There was no way we could let there be rumors about Saddam Hussein having WMD with what he has done to people

Organizational Behaviour for Relying on Stereotypes- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behaviour for Relying on Stereotypes. Answer: Benefits of relying on stereotypes An oversimplified image or a set of characteristics in which a relative number of people have faith in. it can also be referred as a widely accepted thought about a particular type of behaviour of an individual. The personal characteristics of an individual are not involved rather it assumes the random facts about a person due to his/her presence in certain group. There exists two stereotypes one is positive and the other one is negative, both can play adverse effect in persons life. The range of impact is related to the reliance of an individual. If talking about an organisation stereotyping helps the manager in treating all the employees in a specific way (Cresswell and Sheikh, 2013). There are certain diversity factors that play an important role in stereotyping like the culture, ethnicity, age, gender and religion. Stereotyping is useful in an organisation as there are various employees from different culture so to ensure that no mistake is done by negatively hurting some relatio n. The strong reliance on stereotyping negatively affects the culture of the company which can future causes clashes between the employees. This essay basically emphases on the impact in the corporation due to stereotyping (Lamont, Swift and Abrams, 2015). In todays era, every organisation requires expertise employees so they hire employees who are talented. In order to hire brilliant employees organisation hire from all over the world. The human resources department focuses on hiring the employees who are more talented. The human resource team focuses on creating positive working environment in the organisation than removes the inequalities from the workplace (Lottrup, Grahn and Stigsdotter, 2013). This emphasis on building various theories that will help the employees to work together by ignoring the discrimination on the basis of culture, religion and gender. Organisation behaviour reflects the way in which an individual communicate with each other. They work according to the human resource policies designed for the organisation. In case of multinational companies they are dealing with people from different culture this is possible only because the managers are following the approach of stereotyping. Thus it is very important to take diversity management into the consideration as the employees are from different background. Stereotyping is beneficial but it has negative impact as well (Hyde, Harris and Boaden, 2013). Certain limitations of stereotyping may result in making customers dissatisfied or sad by their work. This reflects the growth of the company in negative manner as it affects the productivity. If there is no proper diverse management in the firm it can lead to disputes between employees. Disputes directly affects the productivity of an origination thus to maintain the performance of the company a proper plan should be designed. It is not always good to interact with employees of same culture but if one needs to expand the productivity they should area the stereotypes and should interact with employees of all culture. This will be beneficial for an individual as well as organisation (Lyons and Kuron, 2014). For any modern corporation effective diversity plan need to be developed, so that competitive advantages could be used. For example, in any multinational company they promote its policies among all employees and the human resources department make sure that these policies are follo wed and equality is maintained (Von Hippel, Sekaquaptewa and McFarlane, 2015) . Sometimes it is difficult to keep employees of totally different culture as they create controversies in an organisation. This can be resolved by building strong diversity policies and treat all the employees from different culture equally. There are numerous advantages of using stereotype culture in an organisation as it helps the manger to create positive environment in the company as well as among employees. They take several steps, first by promising them not to make any remarks that would hurt their culture or emotions. Secondly knowing about each employees background will help manager to have a freely conversation with the employees after understanding their customs. Also, by dealing with the employees from different country serotyping is beneficial as it helps in understanding their point of view. People from different cultures follow different rules and regulations (Lachman, 2015). Like any employee from China as its priority of being on time. They focus on punctuality as the main component as being late in their company is treated as cancelation of the deal. Similarly, different countries have different rules hence stereotyping can resolve this issue as they understand the bio diversities in culture. They also help the manager in finding all the missing data regarding the person. Additionally it helps in organising to arrange all the information in a pre-defined sequence. It was observed that all the stereotypes are based on the fact that they have certain errors that lead to misbehaviour in an organisation. Various stereotypes categories are defined by an organisation but it is difficult to assure that an employee would fit in a predefined category because every person has different personality and behaviour (Duguid and Thomas-Hunt, 2015). Thus if a manager is completely relying on the categories defined then he/ she might interpret wrong information about the employee. Thus stereotyping somewhere makes the situation more diplomatic as it is difficult for a manger to change the belief about an employee. If a manger uses all types of stereotyping at the workplace it will create conflicts in the environment. Manger need to take proper actions against the negative stereotyping otherwise it will reflect harmful impact on the employees. If there is negativity in the environment it will somewhere affect the working capacity of the employees. Thus a proper team work is required in an organisation to avoid negativity. Considering a case in an organisation where gender inequality exists, male employees do not ask women to solver certain issue as he thinks she is incapable or peruse less knowledge (Dolan, 2014). This would affect the performance of womens by decreasing the confidence. Other issue with stereotyping is that it demotivates the individual by lowering the morale that makes the working environment toxic. If a person works with low morale the productivity of an organisation decreases and it is very difficult for a manager to motivate them to get the desired output (Wood, et. al, 2012). There are various theories in an organisation discussing about the theory of equality to that motivates a person to perform good and achieve productive output. According to the stereotypes the department head can differentiate two employees according to their behaviours and provide opportunities related to them. On the other hand, discriminating an employee from other create a negative environment at the workplace (Andersson, Jackson and Russell, 2013). Another policy that is employee to employee policy provides basic amenities to every employee. This includes all the safety measures as well as social needs of an employee by focusing on steps to enhance the self-esteem of an individual. Using stereotype technique creates difficulty for the manager in fulfilling the relatedness needed by an employee. Constantly differentiating employees on the basis of stereotypes have adverse effect on employees which in turn degrades the performance of staffs. Thus to avoid this misconception following steps need to be undertaken at the workplace that would help employees to work in a positive environment by overlooking the issues of diversity. This could be done by building policies that do not support stereotype environment or treating employees unequally. Apart from the organisational policies, the government of each country has designed various laws regarding inequality or discrimination on the basis of age, sex or disability in an employee. Organisations should make sure that these policies are followed to avoid the diverse culture at the work place (Alter, et. al, 2010). On the other hand training sessions should be organised by expertise from mangers as well as employees to provide them knowledge about the all religions and meeting should be conducting between people of different culture so that they get to know each other and avoid stereotyping. Strict feedback should be taken to ensure that everyone respect each other at the workp lace by removing the differences caused due to adverse culture. It can be concluded that serotyping has both advantages and disadvantages in an organisation as it promotes to avoid the diverse culture at the workplace. They assure to create a positive environment and removing the gap between employees caused due to different culture. It is beneficial as it helps in organising the information of employees in a defined manner. There are many restrictions of stereotyping in an organisation that may result in creating a deadly environment at the workplace. It endorses discrimination in the workplace which degrades the performance of an employee. Stereotyping act as barrier for mangers as it becomes difficult for them to motivate the employees and increase their productivity. In this report various ways are discussed to remove stereotyping by creating policies and rules. These policies assist supervisors to avoid stereotyping by creating a positive working environment, which in turn promotes and supports diversity among employees. References Alter, A.L., Aronson, J., Darley, J.M., Rodriguez, C. and Ruble, D.N. (2010) Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,46(1), pp.166-171. Andersson, L., Jackson, S.E. and Russell, S.V. (2013) Greening organizational behaviour: An introduction to the special issue.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(2), pp.151-155. Cresswell, K. and Sheikh, A. (2013) Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), pp.e73-e86. Dolan, K. (2014) Gender stereotypes, candidate evaluations, and voting for women candidates: what really matters?Political Research Quarterly,67(1), pp.96-107. Duguid, M.M. and Thomas-Hunt, M.C. (2015) Condoning stereotyping? How awareness of stereotyping prevalence impacts expression of stereotypes.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(2), p.343. Hyde, P., Harris, C. and Boaden, R. (2013) Pro-social organisational behaviour of healthcare workers. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(16), pp. 3115-3130. Lachman, V.D. (2015) Ethical issues in the disruptive behaviours of incivility, bullying, and horizontal/lateral violence.Urologic nursing,35(1), p.39. Lamont, R.A., Swift, H.J. and Abrams, D. (2015) A review and meta-analysis of age-based stereotype threat: Negative stereotypes, not facts, do the damage.Psychology and aging,30(1), p.180. Lottrup, L., Grahn, P. and Stigsdotter, U.K. (2013) Workplace greenery and perceived level of stress: Benefits of access to a green outdoor environment at the workplace.Landscape and Urban Planning,110, pp.5-11. Lyons, S. and Kuron, L. (2014) Generational differences in the workplace: A review of the evidence and directions for future research.Journal of Organizational Behavior,35(S1). Von Hippel, C., Sekaquaptewa, D. and McFarlane, M. (2015) Stereotype threat among women in finance: Negative effects on identity, workplace well-being, and recruiting.Psychology of Women Quarterly,39(3), pp.405-414. Wood, J., Zeffane, R., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R. and Seet, P.S. (2012)Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. Milton QLD: John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd..

Health Care as One of the Governments Responsibilities

An average American knows much about the principles of equality stated in the Constitution of the USA. However, do the Americans realize the fact of their being deprived from the right to be equal in relation to all the aspects of the social life with references to the right of receiving the necessary health care?Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care as One of the Government’s Responsibilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Americans are divided into those people who can afford medical insurance because of being employed and those individuals who are unemployed and, as a result, cannot receive the opportunity to be treated according to their needs. The situation is even more controversial when the issue is discussed with references to the constantly increasing rate of unemployment in the country. Health care should be provided by the Government and should be available for all the citizens with out references to their income and social status because the ignorance of this responsibility can lead to the social discrimination, to influencing the people’s welfare negatively, and to increasing the general rate of mortality. The Government is responsible for all the citizens, but from the perspective of the current situation in the USA, the Government can be discussed as responsible only for the health of those people whose income and status of the employed persons provide them with the opportunity to have insurance. Thus, the health care becomes the privilege of the wealthy persons, and the principle of equality is not followed directly when the problem of the country’s health care system is discussed. Why should people pay attention to health care as the Government’s responsibility? The health care is the social problem, and it should be resolved at the governmental level. Ignoring the responsibility to provide the necessary care for all the citizens, the Government indirectly supports the social discrimination based on the fact employers discuss the potential workers from the point of having or giving insurance. Moreover, unemployed persons have to suffer without the necessary medical help because of their ‘lower statuses’ associated with the absence of insurance (Armstrong, Fischer, and Parsa-Parsi).Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The support of the current health care system based on insurance is the support of decreasing the general level of the people’s welfare. Health care system should be funded at the federal level in order to avoid the situation when poor or unemployed people become the victims of the health care system which is rather inhumane to them in relation to providing the necessary treatment. The US health care system is one of the best systems in the world, and the Americans’ health shou ld be also good, but the real statistics include the data on all the categories of the population, and the trends are not positive (Shi). The rate of mortality is closely connected with the issue of funding the health care system in the country. The US health care system provides the population with the innovative technologies in treating diseases in spite of the level of their severity. Nevertheless, the rate of mortality is comparably high (Shi and Singh). The problem is in the fact those people who have no insurance also have no possibilities to receive the necessary medical care. Sick people without insurance are deprived of the chance to be treated carefully, and their untreated diseases are often the cause for death. Discussing different controversial points, people often concentrate on the role of wealth and status in the society. Health is traditionally discussed as the major wealth in the life of any person. Nevertheless, the examination of the US health care system which i s based on insurance makes people think that insurance and status of the employed person are more significant aspects than health care. Furthermore, arguments of those people who accentuate the disadvantages of funding health care are irrelevant with focusing on the examples of Great Britain and Canada. Works Cited Armstrong, Elizabeth, Martin Fischer, and Ramin Parsa-Parsi. The Health Care Dilemma: A Comparison of Health Care Systems in Three European Countries and the US. USA: World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care as One of the Government’s Responsibilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shi, Leiyu. Essentials of the U.S. Health Care System. USA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2004. Print. Shi, Leiyu, and Douglas Singh. Delivering Health Care in America: A Systems Approach. USA: Jones Bartlett Learning, 2011. Print. This essay on Health Care as One of the Government’s Responsibilities was written and submitted by user Emersyn M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Maxis SWOT Essays

Maxis SWOT Essays Maxis SWOT Essay Maxis SWOT Essay Findings and Analysis Consumer Analysis These are among the feedback that Maxis has analyze and with these, they use it as a guidance to perform their Corporate Social Responsibilities ( CSR) in fulfilling customers satisfaction. Internal factor: Strength Weakness Innovative culture Strong management Customer loyalty Economics of scale Weak supply chain Weak brand External factor:- Opportunity Threat Online market Innovation New service New technology New markets New products Intense competition Volatile cost Substitute product Strengths An innovative culture helps Maxis to produce unique products and services that eet their customers needs. Innovative Culture (Maxis) will have a long-term positive impact on the this entity, which adds to its value. This statements will have a short- term positive impact on this entity, which adds to its value. Strong management Strong management can help Maxis reach its potential by utilizing strengths and eliminating weaknesses. Customer loyalty When given a choice, customers are loyal to Maxis. Instead of targeting all customers, Maxis only needs to target new customers in order to grow their business. Customer Loyalty (Maxis) has a significant impact, so an analyst should put ore weight into it. Customer Loyalty (Maxis) will have a long-term positive impact on tnlS ty, wnlcn aaas to Its value. Economics 0T scale Economies of scale is the cost advantages that Maxis obtains due to size. The greater the volume, the greater the advantages. Weakness A weak supply chain can delay the arrival of products to Maxiss customers. Unnecessary delays can hurt Maxis over the long run, because customers will cancel orders. Weak Supply Chain (Maxis) has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. Weak Supply Chain (Maxis) will have a long-term negative impact n this entity, which subtracts from the entitys value. This statements will have a short-term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from its value. This qualitative factor will lead to an increase in costs. This statement will lead to a decrease in profits. A weak brand means Maxis cant charge the same prices for goods and services as their competitors, because consumers dont value the brand. Weak brand (Maxis) has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. Weak brand (Maxis) will have a long-term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from the entitys value. This statements will have a short-term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from its value. This qualitative factor will lead to an increase costs. This statement will lead to a decrease in profits. Oppurtunities The online market offers Maxis the ability to greatly expand their business. Maxis can market to a much wider audience for relatively little expense. Greater innovation can help Maxis to produce unique products and services that meet customers needs. New service New services help Maxis to better meet their customers needs. These services can expand Maxiss business and diversify their customer base. New Services (Maxis) will have a long-term positive impact on the this entity, which adds to its value. New technology New technology helps Maxis to better meet their customers needs with new and improved products and services. Technology also builds competitive barriers against rivals. New markets allow Maxis to expand their business and diversify their portfolio of products and services. New products can help Maxis to expand their business and diversity their customer base Threats Intense competltlon Intense competition can lower Maxiss profits, because competitors can entice consumers away with superior product . ntense Competition (Maxis) has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. Intense Competition (Maxis)will have a long-term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from the entitys value. This statements will have a short-term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from its value. Volatile costs mean Maxis has to plan for scenarios where costs skyrocket. Cautious planning leads to development delays that can negatively affect Maxis. Substitute product The availability of substitute products hurts Maxiss ability to raise prices, because customers can easily switch to another product or service

Unit 6 Proposal Designs Blog Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 6 Proposal Designs Blog - Research Paper Example The main aim of the program is addressing unfit behaviors in the community and emphasizing on the important of fitness as well as helping in the reduction of obesity and other health related issues associated with sedimentary lifestyles (Karsh & Fox, 2009). Information should be included in a grand proposal that makes it more appealing and convincing to the funders. This includes provision of a good statement need. It provides a rationale and a background for the proposal. It should establish the importance and needs for the project. Objectives and goals of the grand proposal need to be included. The objectives should be measurable, attainable, specific, and time bound. The methodology and ways to implement the project should be convincing and possible. The methodology gives an insight of how the problems addressed are solved. The evaluating tools should be well outlined and analyzed. Funding agencies want their grants to produce a maximum impact. Thus, the proposal should disseminate methods of maximum utilization of funds with accountability (Kaplan,

Analysis of American Psycho Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of American Psycho - Essay Example However, competition is inevitable when many men are together. It can occur over simple matter or it can also occur over more important aspects such as leadership. In Bateman’s world, the worth of a man is defined by the quality and prestige of a business card. This makes a lot of sense: since representatives of this group can through money into each other, figuratively speaking, they agreed on the idea that a business card should become a representative of its holder. That is why every man around Bateman is concerned with making his card better than others. This is what gives the plot the initial development: the main character is outraged when he learns that one of his friends has a better card than he does. What is more important is that the above mentioned closely connected world of successful men is reinforced with a handful of notions that are widely promoted. One of them is homophobia (Sedgwick 51). For example, Luis Carruthers misinterprets one of the actions of Batema n and declares his love for him, but the latter rejects him in disgust. This scene is extremely important since it puts emphasis on two aspects. First of all, Carruthers who is supposedly gay had to conceal his true identity because of the fear that others would condemn him which is the metaphorical closet (Sedgwick 50). In addition to that, when he speaks out his true feelings Bateman, being an average representative of this high-end part of the population, rejects him, suggesting that homophobia is a norm in this environment.

Anorexia VS. Bulimia Essay Example for Free

Anorexia VS. Bulimia Essay The amount of pressure for an adolescence to be skinny these days, is outrageous. Most eating disorders, like anorexia and bulimia, are onset between mid to late adolescence. 0. 5 percent of womben suffer from anorexia, and one to three percent from bulimia. These are both serious psychiatric disorders that are mistaken for one another all the time. Admittedly, they do have many similarities, but very distinct differences. Anorexia and bulimia show many similar symptoms, which is one reason they get mistaken so often. Some of the symptoms are weakness and dizziness, tooth decay, obsession over food, constipation, irregular heartbeat, and swelling of the hands, feet, arms, and legs. One of the most distinct differences is that bulimia is categorized as a complex emotional issue, while anorexia is a combination of biological, psychiatric, and environmental issues. Although both are worried about their weight, they approach food situations very differently. Physical signs of bulimia are harder to recognize, unless on a very personal level. Usually, there are no obvious signs of weight loss. This is because during an average eating binge, one may consume from three thousand to five thousand calories in an hour. Afterwards one feels a great since of guilt, making the decision to purge to make themselves feel better. What one doesn’t realize is, vomiting after a meal will only eliminate fifty percent of the calories ingested. Resulting in that person staying at a normal weight. However, the physical signs of anorexia are much more obvious. This is a disorder that causes people to obsess about their weight and the food they eat. They will pretend to eat or lie about how much food they’ve actually ate. They will attempt to maintain a weight that is far below normal, starve themselves and exercise excessively. The thoughts of dieting, food, and their body take up most of their day. Resulting in rapid weight loss. For a person that suffers with bulimia overeating is more like a compulsion. A person begins to feel increasingly out of control. Although they may try, it is difficult to regain control without help. Anorexia, on the other hand, makes a person feel in control, over atleast one aspect in their life. When a person suffers with anorexia they may lose the ability to see their true self. This means that, no matter how skinny a person gets, it’s never enough to them. They developed strange or secretive food rituials and become very fixated with their body image, to the point that it causes major health risks. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

social research Essay -- essays research papers

Social Research Methods  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sahar Thariani Paper II   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Section 01 Introduction and Data Source   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Attending college is slowly changing from what was once considered a rare opportunity to a staple part of what constitutes an education today. As the number of colleges has also inflated, and means of attending college expanded, such as Internet based universities, the number of people attaining a higher-level education has also increased. This paper attempts to test and analyze fifty American states and conclude upon factors within states that may give an individual a better chance of being college educated. The three variables being tested in this research include median household income, race and Internet access. In order to do this, statistical data had to be gathered for all the states, these fifty being my unit of analysis. To ensure accurate results, the statistical data had to be collected from a reliable source. The numbers used as indicators of educational achievement and households with Internet access were obtained from the official website of the U.S Census Bureau. A governmental institution, well known for its detailed statistics on every state, provided a set of figures that would be most reliable. Data for median household income for each state and population distribution by gender was acquired by an organization referenced by Professor Hansell, an acclaimed sociologist. â€Å"State Health Facts online† supplied by the well-reputed Kaiser family Organization is a resource that contains the latest state-level data on demographics, health, and health policy. The website also has a section of raw data through which one may verify the statistics. Hypothesis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The aim of this study is to find issues within states that result in higher education levels, that is, factors that education is dependant upon. This makes education the dependant variable in this study. Higher education is usually expe... ...ome, again leading to higher Internet access, and one can envision a highly possible cycle. I feel that in the future it would be important to research the role of race in this cycle, and also find ways to prevent higher income states from going ahead while being in this cycle, and low income states from being denied a high education. International studies might be able to make a global understanding of the role earnings play towards getting an education. References Babbie, Earl (2001). The Practice of Social Research, 9th Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth United States Census Bureau (2002). â€Å"Education.† Statistical Abstract of the United States. Fact Sheet: [Online at http://www.census.gov]. United States Census Bureau (2002). â€Å"Information and Communications.† Statistical Abstract of the United States. Fact Sheet: [Online at http://www.census.gov]. Kaiser Family Foundation's State Health Facts Online, State Data 2000-2001 (U.S.2001). â€Å"Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity.† [Online at http://statehealthfacts.kff.org]. Kaiser Family Foundation's State Health Facts Online, State Data 2000-2001 (U.S.2001). â€Å"Median Family Income† [Online at http://statehealthfacts.kff.org].

Final global business plan Essay

The ASEAN was founded in 1967 to promote the alliances of the countries in Southeast Asia. The current members of the ASEAN are the Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam (ASEAN, 2010) Physical Environment The physical environment of Southeast Asia is primarily a warm climate other than the high elevation areas (Andaya, 2009). The physical environment also differs from the ocean and jungle geographical areas. A primary concern within the physical environment is the availability of safe drinking water in many areas of Southeast Asia and the air quality. Political Stability The political stability within Southwest Asia is very questionable in many areas of the region due to the terrorist activities; however with the support of the U.S. and other countries the threat is reduced just not eliminated. A scoring system was used to evaluate the region based on data that was provided by AMB Country Risk Reports. The rating system is; One – Very Low Risk, two – Low Risk, three – Moderate Risk, four – High Risk, and five -Very High Risk. The country leads the region with are risk score of one is Singapore followed by Indonesia two, Malaysia and Thailand three, Philippines and Viet Nam 4. The Philippines and Viet Nam have significant political risks that need to be taken into consideration (A.M. Best, 2010). Economic Conditions The economic risks within major countries of Southeast Asia are moderate at best. In the recent economic downward trend Southeast Asia is seeing the effects the slowing economic trend with their major trading partners the United States and Europe. The demands for exports are decreasing and forecasts for 2009-2010 expect this trend to continue (A.M. Best, 2010). A scoring system was used to evaluate the region based on data that was provided by AMB Country Risk Reports the rating system is; One – Very Low Risk, two – Low Risk, three – Moderate Risk, four – High Risk, and five -Very High Risk.† The country leads the region with are risk score of one is Singapore, followed by Indonesia two, Malaysia and Thailand three, Philippines and Viet Nam four. The Philippines and Viet Nam have significant economic risks that need to be taken into consideration (A.M. Best, 2010). Financial Options and Risks The financial system within the Southeast Asia region indicates a moderate to high risk on average other than the country of Singapore. As the global economy tightens credit requirements, this can have a significant impact on the financial stability in the region (Country Risk, 2010). A scoring system was used to evaluate the region based on data that was provided by AMB Country Risk Reports. The rating system is; One – Very Low Risk, two – Low Risk, three – Moderate Risk, four – High Risk, and five -Very High Risk. The country leads the region with are risk score of one is Singapore, followed by, Malaysia and Thailand three, Philippines and Indonesia four, and Viet Nam- five. The Philippines, Indonesia, and Viet Nam have significant financial risks that need to be taken into consideration (A.M. Best, 2010). Political stability There is a constant threat of terrorism according to the U.S. Department of State diplomacy in action website: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2794.htm, but the political stability is stable because of the continued efforts of the U.S. and other international entities such as the International Monitoring team. Economic conditions The economic conditions are stable; the Philippine government has been working over the past few years to reduce its deficits down to 0.2% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and is continuously working to balance its budget. Finance options available According to an article Philippines: Types of Business Organizations that Foreign Investors may Establish in the Philippines there are several financial options available that are: These include the establishment by a foreign corporation of a (i) local subsidiary through a domestic corporation, (ii) a branch office, (iii) a representative office, (iv) a regional or area headquarters, or (v) a regional operating headquarters. Entry into the Philippines can also be achieved through joint ventures with other domestic corporations (Manalastas, and Guinto, 2000). Physical environment and its affect on trade The locality of the Philippines creates some environmental issues that needs to be taken into consideration there are three main issues the first two are seasonal; the typhoon season from June through November, the monsoon rain season from July through December. The third issue that is unpredictable is the volcanic eruptions that can happen at any time (The Philippines, 2010). Social, health, and environmental conditions The majority of the Philippine people do live in poverty and the mortality rate for babies is high; however the health care is improving the Philippines have been recognized for eliminating Polio (The Philippines, 2010). Although there is a pollution problem, the government of the Philippines is stepping in to help reduce pollution by enacting and enforcing laws that actually is helping clean up their environment. Cultural considerations When doing business in the Philippines there is a couple of cultural consideration to keep in mind such as it is unacceptable behavior to correct a person in public, to cause a person to lose face by refusing or saying no to a person, and do not accept an invitation to a family meal when first asked, if the invitation is asked a second time then it is all right to accept (The Philippines, 2010). Organizational Description Apple Computer, Inc. is headquartered in Cupertino, California. The company is a worldwide producer, designs, markets, manufactures computers, digital music and video players. Founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and Ron Wayne, apple sells to all consumers small, mid-sized, and large businesses. The company sells its products through retail stores, online stores, and also third party wholesalers. The increase in awareness of value of the internet, and convenience it gives to its users will soon bring more to the table for the Philippines. Since the internet has been a big expansion for many markets many businesses have found use to this to expand their business overseas. Since 2000 to 2009 the internet usage has gone up from 2,000,000 (2.6%) to 24,000,000 (24.5%) in the Philippines. Apple’s line of digital music players has taken advantage by providing iPod users to download digital music files to their iPods. Apple Inc., sales a line of iPod digital music and video players to both the Windows and Mac users that also provides online services that can, as described in this article Reuters Profile: Apple INC. (AAPL.O) which states; â€Å"distribute third-party music, audio books, music videos, television shows, movies, podcasts, and applications† (Reuters, 2010), through the iTunes Store. ITunes is a digital music application for downloading and playing digital audio and video files. Since Philippines have about 24,000,000 internet users as of June 2009 which is about 24.5% of the population in the Philippines there is potential growth for this market to grow. With new information about Netflix possibly signing an agreement with Apple Inc. sales can possibly increase since there will be more possibilities for iPod users to download through Netflix servers. Risk Analysis Week 3 The purpose of this document is to analyze the risks that are involved in establishing a global business operation in a foreign country of the Philippines. The document will detail the risks of introducing Apple Incorporated and the iPod to the Philippines. The risks that will be covered include political risks, legal risks, exchange rate financial risks, and taxation risks. The document will also detail a variety of additional risks, specific marketing strategies and performance measurement that will impact the overall success of Apple Incorporated within the country of the Philippines. Political/Legal/Regulatory risks The Philippines is a bureaucratic country. It has a complex network of regulations, permissions, procedures, and authorities with approval procedures. Many of these restrictions are designed to bar off newcomers entering the country’s existing industries. This will not be the case for Apple Inc. The political, legal, and regulatory risks of opening an Apple store in the Philippines vary. Apple’s plan is to acquire an existing retail store and moving under the Apple brand. Even though the political risk is high Apple Inc. is in no way threatening to the political climate in the Philippines. The Philippines has been working in developing relationships with neighboring countries, â€Å"build close ties with neighboring countries in Southeast Asia through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)† (A.M. Best Company, Inc, 2009).Legally, the risk associated with opening the store could be great, and the company must make sure it is in compliance with rules and regulations regarding the opening and operation of the store. The most immediate regulatory risk to business is because of mandated price agreements used by the government to combat inflation. Apple Inc. sees Philippines as a country poised for a great economic turn-around in the Internet and electronics market. Indicators such as World Stats forecast that the country is on a steady uphill swing. Exchange/ Repatriation of Funds Risks Exchange rates and repatriation of funds needs to be considered with Apple opening a store in the Philippines. Philippines are very open to foreign investors as a way to grow the local economy. However on January 2007, in an ongoing effort to promote two key goals, â€Å"the Philippine government has issued the Seventh Regular Foreign Investment Negative List† (Baleva, 2007), protecting domestic industries and encouraging foreign investors to participate in certain areas of enterprise. Pricing will also be a factor if the company bases there pricing by US standards. Exchange rate on US dollars to Pesos needs to factor in. Competitive Risk Assessment Apple’s key competitors are already doing business in the Philippines and creating a strong and profitable presence. Competitors such as Sony, Samsung, and Sansa have been doing business in the Philippines for many years. Apple’s target entrance into the market will give consumers more options and encourage more competition within the market. Taxation/Double Taxation Risks The agreement of double taxation outlines what taxes are covered, defines who the parties are and the context of the agreement and itemizes what is covered under the agreement. Underlining the rules under which a business’ profits are taxed and when double taxation comes into action. The double taxation agreement defines the establishment of permanent residence, which Apple Inc. would seek to have by opening a store in the country on a permanent basis. HM revenue & customs defines permanent establishment as, â€Å"a fixed place of business in which the business of the enterprise is wholly or partly carried on† (HM Revenue & Customs, n.d.). Based on the information contained in the agreement it is possible that Apple will be possibly doubled taxed. Market risks (four Ps price, place, promotion, and product) One of the risks that every business needs to address when selling their product in a foreign country is pricing the product to high that only a small portion of customers can afford to buy the product. According to the article Manila’s living costs, wages among the lowest it states; â€Å"To illustrate, workers in Zurich are paid $22.60 per hour ($30.30 gross), while workers in Geneva are paid $20.40 per hour ($29.20 gross)—a far cry from what average workers in Manila are paid: $1.40 per hour ($1.60 gross)† (Victoria, 2009). One of the ways to address this issue is to buy in large quantity, so that cost can be driven down. Currently the Philippines is experiencing a power crisis, which is a risk within itself in the article Philippines’ power at crisis point of the Asian Times it states; â€Å"Recent electricity outages in the Philippines has sparked concern that the country is on its way to its second power crisis in 20 years† (Rubrico, 2010). If there is no electricity, it will be hard to sell iPods to customers especially in the dark. Our company can purchase generators that can be used during the power outages. The Ipods are very popular and expensive in the Philippines, which has created a market of iPod thieves. According to Davao Today article iPod Thieves on the Rise in RP that states; â€Å"iPods may now be joining wallets and mobile phones as attractive targets for thieves and pickpockets† (No author mentioned, 2010). Train both employees and customers how to avoid being a victim, this will show the customers we just don’t think of them as a sale but as a person. Marketing Research Approach The marketing research approach for the Apple Store is a five step process that includes defining potential problems, developing a research plan, collecting relevant information by specifying data, developing findings, and taking marketing actions based on the analysis of data findings (Marketing Research, 2006). The research objectives will be to determine if there is a demand for the products offered by the Apple Store. The research plan will consist of surveying a minimum of 1,000 to 2,000 consumers in the target region of the Philippines. Contact information will be gathered to later obtain positive or negative feedback on the products that are offered by the Apple Store. An online survey will also be conducted through the Apple Store via the internet. This will assist in later developing marketing strategies applicable to the products offer by the Apple Store that are in demand in the target region. Some types of questions that will be asked during the Apple Store survey are as follows: 1) What is your age? 2) What is your gender? 3) Would you purchase the products offered by the Apple Store? 4) What did you like about the product? 5) What did you dislike about the product? 6.) Was the product easy to use? 7.) What would you change about the product, if anything? 8.) Will you continue to use the product? 9.) Would you recommend the product to a friend? 10.) What would you consider a fair price for the product? Apple Store Marketing Mix The marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion is a crucial part of the introduction of the products being offered at the proposed Apple Store. A strong strategic marketing plan developed by the marketing team will assist the Apple Store in getting of to a positive start. The products offered by the Apple Store will include all items that a consumer can purchase through the on-line Apple Store web address http://store.apple.com/ph. The products include the wide variety of iPod products, iPhones, and Mac products. The physical location of the Apple Store needs to be in a high traffic public area that will attract many customers. The pricing strategy of the products offered at the Apple Store in the Philippines will targeted to under cut the competition in the region during the first 6 months of operation while still maintaining reasonable profit margins on the Apple Store products. This strategy will help in initially establishing the presence of the Apple Store in the target region. Apple Store executives will consistently monitor the progress of the Apple Store in the Philippines during the first 6 months of operations and recommend solutions to any potential risks that come up during this time period. After the first 6 months of operation in the region the product pricing strategy will be revisited. The location of the Apple Store will be critical to the overall financial success of the business. The attributes that are desirable for the physical location of the Apple Store include a highly visible location with heavy consumer traffic. An additional attribute is needs to be considered is the location of the store will be easily accessible for ease of the distribution channels to replenish inventory needs with minimal risk. In selecting a location with these attributes the Apple Store will have a higher probability of meeting or exceeding business goals and objectives. The strategic marketing plan will identify specific dates that will provide the best dates for a promotional sale grand opening of the Apple Store in the Philippines. To start the promotional period the marketing team will start advertising the grand opening of the Apple store several weeks prior to the grand opening. Apple Store products will be advertised by using magazine ads, internet and television spots, and any other means of promotion detailed as a strong promotional tactic in the region. The marketing team will need to pay close attention to see how quickly the product inventory will move from the shelves during the first few weeks of operation if the Apple Store is approved for implementation in the Philippines. The marketing strategy also needs to verify that there is sufficient demand for the Apple Store products. Distribution and supply chain risks There are a few items that make distribution and supply risky in the Philippines, as stated in the Spend Matters article Apple’s Risky iPod Supply Chain; What types of risk? Well, try an active volcano located less than 20 miles away, proximity within an earthquake zone (which makes San Francisco’s seismic activity look tame), and the very real threat of tropic storms and typhoons. And that’s not even considering that the area around the plants is â€Å"subject to regular flooding from storm water, blocking ingress of people and egress of goods †¦ [the factories] even sends people home early when a serious storm is forecast, because of the risk that the roads will be impassable.† (Busch, J. 2006) No one can prevent Mother Nature from happening, but we can be prepared by staying updated on the weather reports and staying alert to nature’s surroundings. By staying prepared and knowing what to do in the event of a natural disaster, will prevent pe rsonal injuries to employees and customers as well as minimizing damages to our product. Distribution Channel Management The marketing team will perform extensive research before the introduction of the Apple Store begins business operations in the Philippines. Determining a reliable distribution channel in a global business operation is an important formula for success. The main distribution channel will start in the United States and products will be distributed to the Philippines based on inventory needs transmitted through an electronic data base. The distribution of the Apple Store products from shipping destination within the Philippines to the Apple store location is an addition characteristic that needs to be considered because of the threat of theft that exists within the target country. Once the store headquarters has been established then logistics such as shipping, receiving, and storage in smaller warehouses will be considered based on distribution risk factors have been evaluated. One prime objective of the Apple Store in the Philippines is to meet or exceed our customers’ needs. Physical and environmental challenges to entering and operating in a target market There are several physical and environmental challenges when operating a business in the Philippines, some of the physical challenges include political unrest, corruption, terrorism, and extortion these are just a few that needs to be address. The environmental challenges include pollution (water and air), natural disasters (volcano eruptions and flooding), unemployment according to Index munbdi: Philippines unemployment rate that shows for 2010 to be an estimated 7.5% (No author mentioned, 2010). Staying informed is key to handling these types of risks, some things can be handled by local authorities and others will have to be dealt with the best way possible depending on the situation. Social and cultural risks In the social and cultural circle, the risk of misunderstanding in many categories is very easily done such as those listed in the article Centre for intercultural learning: Cultural Information – Philippines that are: â€Å"Conversation, Communications Styles, Display of Emotions, Dress, Punctuality, Formality, and Decision Making† (No author mentioned, 2009). Not knowing how to address each of these items can lead to offending the Filipino people, which will cause problems in doing business in the community. Common sense and proper communications will just about handle each of these risk, also by participating in community events and helping the community during a time of crisis will promote unity between the company and the local people. Cyber or Technology Stealing technology and cyber attacks are a big risks, the government of the Philippines still needs to catch up the laws concerning today’s technology. In the article, Experts Call for Stringent Laws against Cyber Crime in Philippines states that; â€Å"The security researchers states that these kinds of e-mail attacks occur more commonly across the Philippines since there aren’t any cyber crime laws in the country to catch and prosecute Internet criminals, particularly e-mail fraudsters† (No author mentioned, 2010). Common sense applies to these risks as well, making sure that our computer systems maintain the most recent updates on security programs and training the employees to never give out passwords and shut down the computer every night before going home are just some suggestions that will prevent problems down the road. Define and clarify mission and objectives The Mission Statement of Apple Incorporated will remain the same as researches through multiple sources according to Investor Relation of Apple (located on the FAQ page) it states that; Apple ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the Macintosh. Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning computers, OS X operating system and iLife and professional applications. Apple is also spearheading the digital media revolution with its iPod portable music and video players and iTunes online store, and has entered the mobile phone market this year with its revolutionary iPhone (Apple-History, 2010 6). Philippines Internet use has grown remarkably throughout the years. Internet World Stats estimated as of March 2009, there are 20.6 million Internet users coming to about 21.5% of the entire population in the Philippines. Apple Inc. has selected the Philippines to begin expansion providing stores and Internet downloading over the web for users to download digital audio, video, and podcast files. The primary business objective is to establish a 15% profit margin in the first year of operation within the Philippines. In each subsequent year after the first a 5% increase to the profit margin has been established as a goal until the profit margin reaches a 30%. Additional objectives include obtaining a 10% market share of the products offered by Apple Incorporated and a 4% increase per year over the next 3 years. Customer satisfaction has also been established at a target percentage of 97%. SWOTT Analysis SWOTT analysis is a useful tool to determine the strengths, weaknesses. Opportunities and threats that exist within a global business entity or region are being evaluated for risk factors. The team has developed a SWOTT analysis for the target region to identify these factors prior to engaging in any business operation within the Philippines. This will assist the team in identifying key characteristics in the structure and development of Apple Incorporated within the Philippines. Current Competitors Competitive Landscape The competitive landscape for Apple Store are the following companies that have a strong hold on a large portion of the population that Apple Store will have to compete with in the global market place. These companies manufacture similar technology devices that Apple Store is competing for to increase global market share. Their products are known throughout the global technology market where competition is extremely competitive. Competitors’ of the Apple Store include Dell Incorporated, Hewlett Packard, and Gateway. The engineering development of new improved technology will assist the Apple Store in gaining competitive advantage over the competitors. Customer satisfaction is a primary objective at the Apple Store. A recent survey conducted in 2008 by the University of Michigan named the American Customer Satisfaction Index ACSI indicated that Apple had a ten point advantage over its closest competitor (Computerworld, 2010). The Apple Store that is being considered in the Philippines will have the same target goal in reference to customer satisfaction in the target region. Strategy Selection The strategy selection of Apple Incorporated is to establish a base store that strategically reports back sales results and inventory needs to a home base location within the United States electronically. The strategy of the company will be to promote the iPod through lower price cost structures than existing competitors. The company will also launch a marketing campaign to promote this strategy through established marketing structures that exist within the Philippenes. This will assist Apple Incorporated in notifying consumers of company existence in the region while promoting our lower priced product. The mode of entry to develop Apple Incorporated to enter the Phillipenes will be the direct investment mode. Apple Incorporated will be establishing a location within the country and then based on all business results will determine if additional locations within the country are needed to meet customer demand. Advantages of this mode of entry include high sales potential, low political risk, and the company could be viwed as an insider (Quick MBA, 2010). Because of some of the high risk elements that exist within the Philippenes Apple Incorporated will need to be cautious by limiting the amount capital that the company will spend in the direct investment mode. Control and Evaluation Specific measures will be monitored on a weekly basis to track the progress and continous improvement opportunities that exist to set up operations within the Phillipenes. The key characteristics that impact overall business results will be evaltated to establish a proactive approach to issues that will have an impact these results. The key characteristics will include sales, inventory, taxes, and process limitations. This will assist Apple Incorporated in providing a quick responsive action to any underlying problems that need to be resolved. Sales goals and profit margins will also be evaluated to determine the overall success within the Phillipenes. Contigency Plan Apple Incorporated will need a contigency plan to account for risk factors that have some probability of resulting in business profitability not reaching overall expectations. The contigency plan that Apple Incorporated has in place consists of closing the existing store if business objectives are not achieved with leaving options open for changing the mode of entry into the Phillipenes to exporting the product through established distribution channels. This contigency plan still allows the company to establish sales within the Phillipenes while reducing investment risk. Financial Overview Apple has the possibility for a strong financial investment in the expansion into the Philippines. The risks associated with the investment into the Philippines do not outweigh the benefits that can realistically be achieved. After thoroughly researching the Pilipino market, the Ayala Group, one of the largest firms in the Philippines is supposedly involved in a project to put up an official Apple store in the Philippines (Technograph, 2009). This is beneficial because less money will have to be invested in research and development, as well as marketing and advertising since the organization is already known throughout the Philippines. The economy in the Philippines has not shown extreme changes or any sudden implications that the economy is getting stronger. The Philippine GDP for the year 2009 has barely risen 1% but has, â€Å"weathered the 2008-09 global recessions better than its regional peers due to minimal exposure to securities issued by troubled global financial institutions† (index mundi, 2008). Operating Expenses As projected for expenses for one apple store, the budget chart shows total operating expenses at $5, 482 and operating income at $11,740 and other income and expenses at $326. There are many providers that impact operating expenses such as utilities, taxes, and advertisement. Apple has projected a total operating expense at $5,482 for one apple store. When assembling a budget chart, it is essential to take into account all factors to properly manage a business. It is important to trust that focused investments in Research and Development (R&D) are significant to a company’s future competitive and expansion position in a foreign market and are directed towards the development of new and improved products that are central to the company’s core business strategy. As such, Apple expects to make further investments in R&D to expand and remain competitive in the Filipino market. Other factors of influence that can help expand Apple into the foreign market, is the company’s persistent expansion of its retail division in both international and domestic markets, top stock-based return expenses and higher spending on marketing and advertising (Apple Investor 2010). The chart below shows the estimated monthly general budget of the operation of one store in the Philippines, providing that the decision is made to proceed with the plans to set up and begin operations. This is a rough estimate, because of the many factors that may and will fluctuate either in a positive or negative way can cause a change on the expense side, however the further we proceed the more accurate our budget will become. Financial Overview General Budget Foreign Exchange Risk Studies have found that many Asian-Pacific businesses are exposed to one or more of the world’s major currencies: the Euro, the US dollar, the British pound, and the Japanese Yen. Some of the greatest dangers were produce by fluctuations in the US dollar. This impacted 58 percent in the Philippines, â€Å"currency fluctuations affected the profitability of companies whose financial assets and liabilities (most notably debt) were held in foreign currencies† (Vanderbilt, 2007). When choosing to invest in the Philippines, the foreign exchange risks associated with business ventures are significant because of an Asian financial crisis during (1996-1998), â€Å"more than half of the studied companies in Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines, and about a third of those in Japan and Singapore, were exposed to the dollar, and about a quarter of the firms in Singapore were exposed to the yen† (Vanderbilt, 2007). Risk Management Transaction risk refers to the fact that the cash flow value of foreign currency contracts may change due to exchange rate fluctuations. Additionally, since the organization will be buying and selling goods in foreign currency to a certain extent, the foreign exchange risk increases. The potential negative aspects associated with doing business in the Philippines are significant since the business will be using Filipino Pesos, which has an inflation rate of 4.4 percent. As a result, there is a risk that the exchange rate as with any currency may change unfavorably before the currency is actually exchanged. However, these risks can be counteracted by utilizing forward hedging, which is a way to lock in an exchange rate on an agreed future date. This will allow the organization to be completely aware of future cash inflows and outflows, as well as the value of the organization’s profits in US currency since the exchange rate will not change due to the purchase of forward hedging. Financing Given the current international economic instability, the choice of choosing from domestic or international financing is tough because there are significant risks associated with each. The European Investment Bank (EIB) has offered financing opportunities to the Philippines; currently the EIB has one billion euro allocations in 18 Asian countries including the Philippines. If the company chooses to move forward with the international venture, the company would choose to finance through the EIB. The EIB, â€Å"has provided over 600 million euros in funding for multiple projects in the country coursed through the government and private sector† (European Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, 2009). Centralized versus Decentral ized The parent company and its iPod department within the parent company, both works as a centralized organization because having an effective control is essential to the everyday operations for both the domestic and global sectors. It would be essential for the parent company to make the final decisions regarding all aspects of the company’s operation, because every unit and sub-unit such as manufacturing plant located in Mexico and the shipping department located in the U.S. of the company has to report all information of their daily operations to the parent company allowing the parent company to know what the left and right hand is doing basically at the same time and can make an informative decision for whatever situation may arise. Both the domestic and global units and sub-units operate as a decentralize company, because certain situations such as environmental changes, customer needs, or political unrest will cause problems and disrupt a part of the company operations or even all parts of the company operations these problems to be addressed immediately and cannot wait for the parent company on the other side of the world to make an informed decision, even if the problem had happened before at a different location because what may work domestically may not work globally and vice versa. When making an informed decision whether at the unit, sub-unit, or the parent company level there is a need for a communication chain of command, starting with the employee who is out in the field working upwards to the parent company which may be the CEO (chief executive officer) who usually has the authority to make final decisions that will affect the company or the owner if there is no CEO available. The line of communications should always remain open, in the event of a minor glitch or a major emergency. Regardless of the value of the information, if the line is broken then a decision cannot be made in a timely manner or may not be made at all causing a problem to grow bigger or missing a profitable opportunity. The communication chart below shows the chain of command from the field representative to the parent company, not all information will reach the top because some decisions can be made at lower levels, for example; the parent company should not be bothered with whether a field representative needs office supplies. Exit Strategies The future is unknown, even if there is a planned exit strategy years from now does not guarantee it will happen as planned. Depending on the situation that is either planned, forced or requires our business in the Philippines to implement its exit strategy would determine the best strategy to use. In the event of a political uprising or civil unrest that results in raising the level of possible war, then the shutting down procedure would be best since it involve very little (if any) paper work and is the fastest way for U.S. employees and their families to get out of the country. If there is no time at all complete abandonment might be forced, either course of action will involve a monetary loss. If time allows and there is no rush in exiting the Philippines, handing the business over to our joint venture partner would be the best, this exit does involve legal paper work and would minimize loss (if any), it would also leave the path open for possible future ventures back into the co untry based on a friendly and healthy transfer of the business. Recommendation The Philippine iPod risk analysis team recommends proceeding with entering the Philippines market. After the exhausting task of finding the risks of entering the country, we had found that the benefits (profits) do exceed the risks (costs) even during the economic troubles that the U.S. is currently experiencing. Although we are not the first iPod and iPhone Company to enter the Philippines market, we still can become a major player and take a large percentage of the market. With the Apple Company creating a direct store that basically eliminates the middle man and develops a presence in the area that shows the potential customer that they will get the original iPhone without the worry of receiving a fake and less dependable copycat, which is a major problem in this region. Having direct shipping, of iPhones and iPods from the parent company will help with the recovery costs and to make a profit quicker. The company will gain additional profits once the store becomes fully operational and service contracts are purchased by new customers. Finally with the current economic stability of the Philippines, this is a good time for Apple to enter into this market because like our domestic customers love to have the latest technology, the Filipinos consumers also love to have the latest technology too. Because no other local company can offer the security or the guarantee of authenticity of the iPhone products, this gives our company a very unique position in the Philippine market. The company will be experiencing and dealing with many issues brought up by our customer base, because of the one on one contact with the customers this will help our operation on a global level allowing our technical department to learn from these new problems and coming up with new solutions this will make our product better and easier to sale globally. Conclusion In analyzing the risks invoved with Apple Incorporated conducting business within the Philippines the company will be in a better position to achieve the financial success. The process of risk assessment provides a clearer picture of the obstacles that need to be overcome within the Philipines. Strategic marketing plans can assist the company in establishing positive sales results in the target country. Electronic communication to proactively respond to business needs and issues will lead to satisfied customers. The initial mode of entry and an alternate mode of entry detailed in the contingency plan also indicate the company’s preparation. Establishing key business characteristcs to monitor on a regular basis will identify continous improvement opportunities for the company in conjuction with items identified in the SWOTT analysis. The combination of these critical factors will guide Apple Incorporated to make a more informative decision based on all the factual information c ollected. References Andaya, Barbara, 2009. Introduction to Southeast Asia. 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